This article investigates the gender diversity of the corporate board of European Union banks. Employing a large sample of 612 European banks from 20 European countries, it identifies organizational characteristics that could be predictive of women’s presence on bank boards. We identify three factors that play a particularly important role in defining bank board gender diversity. First, the proportion of women on the board is higher for lower-risk banks. We argue that there may be some statistical discrimination behind this relation, (...) although it could also be explained by a real risk-aversion hypothesis. Second, banks with larger boards have a higher proportion of women on their boards, which could be considered a signal of some kind of preference for homogeneity on small boards. Finally, banks that have a growth orientation are more prone to include women on their board, since they may be seen as providers of diverse external resources that are more valued by firms operating under critical circumstances. (shrink)

O trabalho discute os fundamentos da educação e as contribuições da filosofia para a educação e para a pedagogia. A análise, em andamento, constitui nossas pesquisas na universidade, investigando as concepções pedagógicas e os pressupostos e fundamentos da educação. O texto de caráter teórico-bibliográfico apresenta uma síntese nas correntes da filosofia da educação, identifica a função social, os limites e as possibilidades desse complexo considerando a especificidade da sociedade de classes. Dessa forma, apoia-se em Saviani (2012, 2013, 2013a), Aranha (1996) (...) e Severino (1995). A educação e a formação humana no modo de produção capitalista perpassam por mecanismos explícitos e implícitos inerentes às teorias educacionais e à práxis educativa determinando as concepções de homem, de mundo e de sociedade. (shrink)

O sentido ontológico do trabalho e o desenvolvimento das funções psicológicas superiores: considerações preliminares Resumo: O presente estudo tem por objetivo demonstrar de que forma o trabalho auxilia no processo de hominização do homem. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza teórica, realizado mediante pesquisa bibliográfica, sendo dividido em três momentos principais. No primeiro, apresenta-se como o trabalho é concebido por Marx e apropriado por Lukács e os representantes da Escola de Vigotski. No segundo, trata-se das tensões entre a importância conferida (...) aos aspectos biológicos e aos aspectos sociais para o processo de desenvolvimento do gênero humano, demonstrando de que maneira a produção de instrumentos gesta o progressivo afastamento da barreira natural, ao passo que propicia o desenvolvimento cada vez mais social do homem. Tal reflexão servirá de base para sinalizar como a teoria de Vigotski destaca em seu edifício categorial a relação entre os instrumentos e as funções psicológicas superiores no processo de humanização do homem. Palavras Chave: Trabalho. Instrumento. Funções psicológicas superiores. The ontological meaning of work and the development of higher mental functions: preliminary considerations: This study we aim to demonstrate how the work supports in the humanization process of the individuals. This is a theoretical study conducted by bibliographic research and divided into three main sessions. In the first moment, we present how the work is conceived by Marx and appropriated by Lukács and the representatives from Vygotsky’s school. In the second, we bring the tensions between the importance attached to the biological aspects and social aspects in the humankind’s development process, demonstrating how the tools’ production manage the progressive separation from the natural barrier, whereas it provides the increasingly social development of individuals. Further consideration will serve as a basis to indicate how Vygotsky’s theory underscore in its categorical building the relationship between the tools and the higher mental functions in the humanizing process of the individuals. Keywords: Work. Tools. Higher.mental functions. El sentido ontológico del trabajo y el desarrollo de las funciones psicológicas superiores: consideraciones preliminares Resumen: El presente estudio tiene por objetivo demostrar de qué forma el trabajo auxilia en el proceso de hominización del hombre. Se trata de un estudio de naturaleza teórica, realizado mediante investigación bibliográfica, siendo dividido en tres momentos principales. En el primero, presentamos cómo el trabajo es concebido por Marx y apropiado por Lukács y los representantes de la escuela de Vigotski. En el segundo, traemos las tensiones entre la importancia conferida a los aspectos biológicos ya los aspectos sociales para el proceso de desarrollo del género humano, demostrando de qué manera la producción de instrumentos gesta el progresivo alejamiento de la barrera natural, mientras que propicia el desarrollo cada vez más social del hombre. Tal reflexión servirá de base para señalar cómo la teoría de Vigotski destaca en su edificio categorial la relación entre los instrumentos y las funciones psicológicas superiores en el proceso de humanización del hombre. Financiamento: CNPq Palabras clave: Trabajo. Instrumento. Funciones psicológicas superiores. Data de registro: 09/01/2019 Data de aceite: 25/10/2019. (shrink)

The aim of this research is focused on analyzing the alteration of the psychophysiological and cognitive response to an objective computerized stress test, when the behavioral response is controlled. The sample used was sports science students, with a mean age of 22.82 A quasi-experimental design was used in which the response of each participant to the DT test was evaluated. The variable “number of hours of physical activity per week” and the variable “level of behavioral response to stress” were controlled. (...) Before and after this test, the following parameters were measured: activation and central fatigue, and perceived exertion. Significant differences were found in all of the measures indicated. The usefulness of this protocol and the measures used to analyze the stress response capacity of the study subjects are discussed. (shrink)

BackgroundThe past 10 years have witnessed a significant growth in sharing of health data for secondary uses. Alongside this there has been growing interest in the public acceptability of data sharing and data linkage practices. Public acceptance is recognised as crucial for ensuring the legitimacy of current practices and systems of governance. Given the growing international interest in this area this systematic review and thematic synthesis represents a timely review of current evidence. It highlights the key factors influencing public responses (...) as well as important areas for further research.MethodsThis paper reports a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies examining public attitudes towards the sharing or linkage of health data for research purposes. Twenty-five studies were included in the review. The included studies were conducted primarily in the UK and North America, with one study set in Japan, another in Sweden and one in multiple countries. The included studies were conducted between 1999 and 2013. The qualitative methods represented in the studies included focus groups, interviews, deliberative events, dialogue workshops and asynchronous online interviews.ResultsKey themes identified across the corpus of studies related to the conditions necessary for public support/acceptability, areas of public concern and implications for future research. The results identify a growing body of evidence pointing towards widespread general—though conditional—support for data linkage and data sharing for research purposes. Whilst a variety of concerns were raised in cases where participants perceived there to be actual or potential public benefits from research and had trust in the individuals or organisations conducting and/or overseeing data linkage/sharing, they were generally supportive. The studies also find current low levels of awareness about existing practices and uses of data.ConclusionsWhilst the results indicate widespread public support for data sharing and linkage for research purposes, a range of concerns exist. In order to ensure public support for future research uses of data greater awareness raising combined with opportunities for public engagement and deliberation are needed. This will be essential for ensuring the legitimacy of future health informatics research and avoiding further public controversy. (shrink)

This article analyses the discursive construction of collective and individual memories and the functions of commemorative events for the discursive construction of national identities through the example of Austrian post-war commemorative events. Thus, the various attempts to come to terms with the Nazi past in post-war Austria are illustrated in detail. The article will first summarize the socio-political contexts relating to the relevant post-war commemorative years in Austria. Then we will consider sequences of a political speech by the then Austrian (...) chancellor, Dr Wolfgang Schüssel, as one of many possible examples in 2005 which establishes a hegemonic stance towards the Nazi past. Finally, we will discuss our results and illustrate that, in addition to hegemonic discourses, competing narratives aim to provide different answers to the basic question `how should one come to terms with traumatic pasts?' Our results are such that in the hegemonic narrative of Austrian history after 1945, the political event of the Declaration of Independence is represented metaphorically as a `rebirth'; a metaphorical scenario which constructs a `creation myth', and by this anthropomorphization suggests that `newborn' Austria is to be perceived as innocent as a newborn child. On the other hand, the historical events before and after are placed in the cognitive frame of natural disasters or fateful events and a community of victims is discursively constructed comprising the victims of the Nazi terror as well as the soldiers waging the war of aggression. Discursive patterns apparent in this case study can, of course, be generalized to similar communicative events in many nation-states. The specific systematic and explicit linguistic/pragmatic and discourse-analytic methodology presented in this article lends itself to deconstruct official discourses which influence collective beliefs, opinions and ideologies. (shrink)

Ziel dieser philosophischen Forschung ist, die Begriffe Performativität und Performance in drei grundlegenden Büchern der queer feministischen Theorie zu analysieren. Es handelt sich um die folgenden Texte: Butlers Gender Trouble, die 1990 veröffentlicht wurde, Halberstams Female Masculinity, die 1998 herausgebracht wurde, und Preciados Testo Yonqui, die 2008 verlegt wurde. Die Analyse-Technik, die ich für das detaillierte Lesen der Texte angewendet habe, ist die so gennante Technik des hermeneutischen close reading, die auch im Laufe des Artikels zur Erklärung gebracht wird. Aus (...) diesem methodologischen Grund habe ich die drei Bücher auf die Muttersprache der Schrifteller_innen gelesen (Spanisch und Englisch). Darüber hinaus enthält dieser Artikel eine ausführliche Überprüfung der zur Philosophie und Theaterwissenschaften bezogenen Geschichte der Konzepte von Performativität und Performance, die in jedem Text sowohl getrennt als auch im Zusammenhang betracht werden. (shrink)

Resenha de: CHAMAYOU, Grégoire. Teoria do drone. Tradução de Célia Euvaldo. São Paulo: Cosac Naify, 2015.

Resumen El objetivo principal de este artículo es recrear la práctica de la hospitalidad en el contexto de la realidad migratoria actual, con la intención de aportar luz a la manera de gestionar la diversidad, de repensar la formación de identidad, de acercarnos a ciertas dinámicas políticas y últimamente de incentivar procesos de integración y cohesión social, especialmente en la vida de nuestros barrios. Para ello, el autor se adentra en las raíces bíblicas de la hospitalidad, aportando algunas claves para (...) entender esta virtud hoy. En nuestro mundo actual donde parecería ganar terreno la hostilidad sobre la hospitalidad, la práctica de la hospitalidad constituye un auténtico acto de resistencia.The main aim of this article is to recreate the practice of hospitality in the context of the current migratory reality, with the intention of bringing light to the way of managing diversity, of rethinking identity formation, of approaching certain political dynamics and lately to encourage processes of integration and social cohesion, especially in our vulnerable neighborhoods. For this purpose, the author delves into the biblical roots of hospitality, providing some clues to understand this virtue today. In our current world where hostility over hospitality seems to gain ground, the practice of hospitality constitutes a genuine act of resistance. (shrink)

RESUMEN En este trabajo me propongo demostrar que el concepto de dios en "El origen de la obra de arte" de Martin Heidegger no refiere a una figura divino-religiosa, sino que se debe enmarcar dentro del leitmotiv de toda su filosofía, la pregunta por el ser. La hipótesis a defender será la siguiente: Heidegger utiliza la noción de "dios" para describir el proceso de fundación de un espacio de sentido. En un primer momento analizaré algunos contraargumentos a esta hipótesis, según (...) los cuales Heidegger estaría hablando de la posibilidad de que el arte nos religue con los dioses como tales. Luego pasaré al argumento principal, en el que vincularé el ensayo sobre el arte fundamentalmente con el seminario sobre Parménides para mostrar cómo la noción de dios se conecta con el concepto de ser y de sentido. ABSTRACT In this essay I try to demonstrate that the concept of God in "The Origin of the Work of Art" by Martin Heidegger does not refer to a divine-religious figure but must be framed within the Leitmotiv of all his philosophy, the question of being. The hypothesis to be defended will be the following: Heidegger uses the notion of "god" to describe the process of founding a space of meaning. First, I will analyze some counter arguments to this hypothesis, according to which Heidegger would be talking about the possibility that art reconnects us with the gods as such. Then, I will move on to the main argument in which I will link the essay on art fundamentally with the seminary on Parmenides to show how the notion of God is linked to the concept of being and meaning. (shrink)

El uso de las Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación ha permitido introducir mejoras en la forma como se desarrollan los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, así como los procesos propios a la gestión y administración de las actividades académicas. Sin embargo, el índice de adopción de estas herramientas es reducido en cobertura y en profundidad. No obstante, para el uso de la herramienta Teams hay que detallar las ventajas y desventajas encontradas y finalizar con conclusiones en base a (...) las experiencias personales. Palabras Clave: software, Microsoft Teams, herramienta, ventajas, experiencia. Referencias [1]C. E. F. Pabón, «MÁS ALLÁ DE ZOOM, GOOGLE MEET, TEAMS…,» Slidesgo, vol. 1, nº 1, p. 12, 2020. [2]F. García, A. Correl, V. Abella y M. Grande, «La evaluación online en la educación superior en tiempos de la COVID-19,» EDUCATION IN THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY, vol. 21, nº 1, pp. 1-12, 2020. [3]G. Jose, C. Alfredo, G. Victor y GrandeMario, «Education in the Knowledge Society,» Ediciones Universal Salamanca, vol. 1, nº 12, p. 26, 14 05 2020. [4]E. Dans, «Educacion online: Plataformas educativas y el dilema de la apertura,» Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento, vol. 6, nº 1, p. 10, 02 03 2009. [5]A. Mauricio, A. Roberto, V. Edgar y F. Karen, «Convergencia de procesos de docencia universitaria: El uso de la aplicacion Teams de Microsoft,» ResearchGate, vol. 1, nº 1, p. 9, 21 11 2019. [6]B. Jose, L. Lina, H. Maria y J. Eusebio, «Utilización del alfa de Cronbach para validar la confiabilidad,» Engineering and Technology, vol. 11, nº 1, p. 9, 16 08 2013. [7]J.-J. a. C.-R. D. a. D. P. Monedero-Moya, «Usabilidad y satisfacción en herramientas de anotaciones multimedia para MOOC = Usability and Satisfaction in Multimedia Annotation Tools for MOOCs,» e-Lis, vol. 22, nº 44, p. 62, 2018. [8]I. Ros Martínez de Lahidalga, «Moodle, la plataforma para la enseñanza y organización escolar,» Ikastorratza, e- Revista de Didáctica, vol. 2, nº 50, p. 12, 2008. [9]D. Marlene, «Herramientas para la producción de materiales didácticos para las modalidades de enseñanza semipresencial y a distancia,» ACIMED, vol. 16, nº 2, p. 5, 2007. [10]C. Barbara, «Diseño y validación de un instrumento,» Universitat Illes Balears, vol. 4, nº 50, p. 415, 10 2006. (shrink)

The earlier volume in this series dealt with two religions of Indian origin, namely, Buddhism and Jainism. The Indian religious scene, however, is characterized by not only religions which originated in India but also by religions which entered India from outside India and made their home here. Thus religious life in India has been enlivened throughout its history by the presence of religions of foreign origin on its soil almost from the very time they came into existence. This volume covers (...) three such religions—Zoraoastrianism, Judaism, and Islam. In the case of Zoraostianism, even its very beginnings are intertwined with India, as Zoroastrianism reformed a preexisting religion which had strong links to the Vedic heritage of India. This relationship took on a new dimension when a Zoroastrian community, fearing persecution in Persia after its Arab conquest, sought shelter in western India and ultimately went on to produce India’s pioneering nationalist in the figure of Dadabhai Naoroji ( 1825-1917), also known as the Grand Old Man of India. Jews found refuge in south India after the destruction of the Temple by the Romans in 70 C.E. and have remained a part of the Indian religious scene since then, some even returning to Israel after it was founded in 1948. Islam arrived in Kerala as soon as it was founded and one of the earliest mosques in the history of Islam is found in India. Islam differs from the previously mentioned religions inasmuch as it went on to gain political hegemony over parts of the country for considerable periods of time, which meant that its impact on the religious life of the subcontinent has been greater compared to the other religions. It has also meant that Islam has existed in a religiously plural environment in India for a longer period than elsewhere in the world so that not only has Islam left a mark on India, India has also left its mark on it. Indeed all the three religions covered in this volume share this dual feature, that they have profoundly influenced Indian religious life and have also in turn been profoundly influenced by their presence in India. (shrink)

The earlier volume in this series dealt with two religions of Indian origin, namely, Buddhism and Jainism. The Indian religious scene, however, is characterized by not only religions which originated in India but also by religions which entered India from outside India and made their home here. Thus religious life in India has been enlivened throughout its history by the presence of religions of foreign origin on its soil almost from the very time they came into existence. This volume covers (...) three such religions—Zoraoastrianism, Judaism, and Islam. In the case of Zoraostianism, even its very beginnings are intertwined with India, as Zoroastrianism reformed a preexisting religion which had strong links to the Vedic heritage of India. This relationship took on a new dimension when a Zoroastrian community, fearing persecution in Persia after its Arab conquest, sought shelter in western India and ultimately went on to produce India’s pioneering nationalist in the figure of Dadabhai Naoroji ( 1825-1917), also known as the Grand Old Man of India. Jews found refuge in south India after the destruction of the Temple by the Romans in 70 C.E. and have remained a part of the Indian religious scene since then, some even returning to Israel after it was founded in 1948. Islam arrived in Kerala as soon as it was founded and one of the earliest mosques in the history of Islam is found in India. Islam differs from the previously mentioned religions inasmuch as it went on to gain political hegemony over parts of the country for considerable periods of time, which meant that its impact on the religious life of the subcontinent has been greater compared to the other religions. It has also meant that Islam has existed in a religiously plural environment in India for a longer period than elsewhere in the world so that not only has Islam left a mark on India, India has also left its mark on it. Indeed all the three religions covered in this volume share this dual feature, that they have profoundly influenced Indian religious life and have also in turn been profoundly influenced by their presence in India. (shrink)

En 1935 Martin Heidegger da sorpresivamente una conferencia en Friburgo sobre el origen de la obra de arte. ¿Por qué Heidegger, repentinamente, brinda una conferencia sobre el arte? ¿Por qué aparece en este año “el arte” como una cuestión decisiva? Solamente encontramos breves menciones sobre esta temática en sus trabajos previos al ensayo sobre el arte. ¿Cómo encuadrar este aparente “oasis” en el pensamiento heideggeriano? A partir del académico estadounidense William Richardson la obra de Martin Heidegger se suele dividir en (...) dos grandes momentos separados por lo que es conocido por el viraje. ¿Desde dónde deberíamos abordar la obra? ¿deberíamos entender sus planteos desde lo trabajado en Aportes a la filosofía? ¿o deberíamos ingresar a “El origen de la obra de arte” desde las obras del primer Heidegger? Estos interrogantes, de carácter metodológico-interpretativo, son los que nos proponemos contestar a lo largo del trabajo, buscando defender la siguiente hipótesis: “El origen de la obra de arte” es una obra “de frontera” entre estos dos momentos del pensamiento de Heidegger, razón por la cual requiere de un abordaje de “ida y vuelta” entre el primer y el segundo Heidegger. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo se esclarece la noción de “información” según Gilbert Simondon, para lo cual se presenta el contexto histórico-epistemológico desde el cual surge y qué soluciones ofrece a la problemática de la época. Se hace especial énfasis en las conceptualizaciones realizadas por la teoría matemática de la información, la cibernética, y la biología. Luego, se analiza el devenir conceptual de la noción de “información” en el pensamiento de Simondon siguiendo tres momentos de su trabajo académico (clasificados por Juan (...) Manuel Heredia): a) 1944-1958, b) 1959-1968; y c) 1968-1983. Con ello, genero una idea más completa sobre su sentido. (shrink)

Resumimos la información aportada por estudios científicos recientes sobre las opiniones, visiones y actitudes de los cazadores españoles sobre la caza y su gestión. En concreto, discutimos las distintas funciones que atribuyen los cazadores a la actividad cinegética, así como los juicios morales asociados a diversas motivaciones para cazar. Seguidamente, exploramos las valoraciones expresadas por cazadores y gestores respecto a ciertas herramientas de gestión cinegética, y discutimos sobre cómo éstas influyen en la toma de decisiones. Por último, exploramos las posibles (...) tendencias futuras de esta actividad, a partir de lo expresado por los propios cazadores. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo nos proponemos analizar la lectura de Martin Heidegger en la _Estética operatoria_ por parte de Luis Juan Guerrero. La tesis a defender consiste en que “El origen de la obra de arte” tiene un rol central en la obra del filósofo argentino. Pero esto no quiere decir que Guerrero no sea un autor original o que sea un mero comentador del filósofo alemán, sino todo lo contrario: el filósofo argentino hace una lectura productiva de Heidegger a (...) partir de la cual elabora una filosofía propia y auténtica. Centrándonos en el ensayo sobre el arte de Heidegger y el primer tomo de la _Estética operatoria_, analizaremos tres puntos neurálgicos: el concepto de útil, la relación mundo y tierra y el vínculo entre historia y verdad. (shrink)

En este artículo se plantea la hipótesis interpretativa de que una lectura retrospectiva de los textos en los que Emmanuel Lévinas se refirió a la muerte, permitiría captar si sus análisis estaban ya en los primeros trabajos de su formulación ético-metafísica, en la base del pluralismo del cara-a-cara. Con el fi n de mostrar esta hipótesis se revisan las menciones a la muerte en las obras levinasianas invirtiendo la habitual cronología ascendente.

A stochastic version of the Noether theorem is derived for systems under the action of external random forces. The concept of moment generating functional is employed to describe the symmetry of the stochastic forces. The theorem is applied to two kinds of random covariant forces. One of them generated in an electrodynamic way and the other is defined in the rest frame of the particle as a function of the proper time. For both of them, it is shown the conservation (...) of the mean value of a random drift momentum. The validity of the theorem makes clear that random systems can produce causal stochastic correlations between two faraway separated systems, that had interacted in the past. In addition possible connections of the discussion with the Ives Couder’s experimental results are remarked. (shrink)

_Contributions to Law, Philosophy and Ecology: Exploring Re-Embodiments_ is a preliminary contribution to the establishment of re-embodiments as a theoretical strand within legal and ecological theory and philosophy. Re-embodiments are all those contemporary practices and processes that exceed the epistemic horizon of modernity. As such, they offer a plurality of alternative modes of theory and practice that seek to counteract the ecocidal tendencies of the Anthropocene. The collection is comprised of eleven contributions approaching re-embodiments from a multiplicity of fields, including (...) legal theory, eco-philosophy, eco-feminism and anthropology. The contributions are organized in three parts, ‘Beyond Modernity, ‘The Sacred Dimension’ and ‘The Legal Dimension’. The collection is opened by a comprehensive introduction that situates re-embodiments in theoretical context. Whilst closely bound with embodiment and new materialist theory, this book_ _contributes a unique voice that echoes diverse political processes contemporaneous to our times. Written in an elegant and accessible language, the book will appeal to undergraduates, postgraduates and established scholars alike seeking to understand and take re-embodiments further, both politically and theoretically. (shrink)

A classic avenue that victims can take to hold a corporation to account and obtain redress for the harms they have suffered is civil litigation. In the past decades, such attempts have been pursued against corporations in the tobacco industry, the pharmaceutical industry, the asbestos industry or industries working with asbestos and, more recently, the extractive industries. However, it is notoriously difficult for victims whose rights have been violated by corporations to obtain effective redress in civil procedures. A rich body (...) of burgeoning scholarly literature and policy documents has addressed the extent to which systematic and institutional factors are obstacles to victims seeking justice for corporate misconduct. In this article, we will not focus on these systemic and institutional factors but on the role of corporate defence lawyers as their functioning also impacts the capacity of victims of corporate wrongdoing to effectuate their rights. We will address the question of what can be expected from a legal-ethical point of view from corporate defence lawyers advising and representing their corporate clients in large-scale civil liability cases. As a partial answer, we will develop a critique of amoral lawyering as a working philosophy in this context. In addition, we will touch upon the feasibility of a possible alternative. (shrink)

La autonomía económica permite a las mujeres ser económicamente autosuficientes y tomar decisiones libres respecto a sus vidas. La generación de ingresos propios representa un elemento simbólico y clave para el empoderamiento, el reforzamiento de la autoestima, la autovaloración y la reflexión sobre sus roles de género.A partir de la metodología PRISMA se realizó la revisión sistemática para identificar los factores y estrategias que explican la autonomía económica de las mujeres en zonas rurales de América Latina; destacando la participación en (...) proyectos productivos y emprendimientos, el acceso al microcrédito, así como el fortalecimiento de procesos de cooperación y solidaridad. (shrink)

Este trabajo pretende analizar la caracterización por parte de Heidegger de la esencia de la obra de arte como "poética" en "El origen de la obra de arte". ¿Qué puede llegar a significar esto? ¿Se puede reducir la esencia de la obra de arte a un tipo de arte? Abordaremos este problema interpretativo fundamentalmente de Ser y tiempo,aunque también nos serviremos de la conferencia "Hölderlin y la esencia de la poesía". "Poético" se refiere a un ámbito más amplio que el (...) del género literario, se refiere al espacio donde se da la verdad, entendida siempre como desocultación. La tesis por defender es que lo que Heidegger comprende por "poesía" en el ensayo sobre el arte es el lenguaje entendido como fuente de inteligibilidad o comprensibilidad, es decir, como aquello que permite al ente manifestarse como ente, abre el espacio de sentido que le permite mostrarse. (shrink)

Resumen En la década del noventa del último siglo apareció en Alemania el así denominado “giro icónico” (ikonische Wende). Keith Moxey (2009) interpretará este viraje como un nuevo paradigma que, harto del giro lingüístico y la tesis del acceso mediado a la realidad, propone a la imagen como una instancia de acceso inmediato al mundo, eliminando la distinción entre sujeto y objeto. Sin embargo, Boehm sostiene que el giro icónico debe entenderse a partir del giro de todos los giros, el (...) giro trascendental kantiano. La hipótesis que defenderé aquí es que el giro icónico debe entenderse como un pensamiento postkantiano. Abstract The 1990s saw the emergence in Germany of the so-called “iconic turn” (ikonische Wende). Keith Moxey (2009) interprets this turn as a new paradigm that, fed up with the linguistic turn and the thesis of mediated access to reality, proposes the image as an instance of immediate access to the world, eliminating the distinction between subject and object. However, Boehm argues that the iconic turn must be understood on the basis of the turn of all turns, the Kantian transcendental turn. The hypothesis I will defend here is that the iconic turn is to be understood as a post-Kantian thought. (shrink)

RESUMEN En este trabajo se analizan las principales ideas de John Rawls acerca de la naturaleza del derecho y del razonamiento jurídico. Partiendo de un trabajo de Ronald Dworkin (2004), y básicamente de acuerdo con él, se exponen las críticas dworkinianas a la doctrina rawlsiana de la razón pública, y se presenta un modo en el cual Rawls podría replicarlas. El objetivo del trabajo es mostrar la fecundidad de las ideas rawlsianas para nuestra concepción del derecho en sociedades democráticas, caracterizadas (...) por el hecho del pluralismo. (shrink)

Muchos comentadores leyeron “El origen de la obra de arte” de Martin Heidegger desde su compromiso político con el nacionalsocialismo. ¿Es el ensayo sobre el arte una encarnación de su verdadera posición política? El objetivo de esta investigación es volver a explorar los vínculos de esta obra de Heidegger con el nacionalsocialismo a la luz de algunos fragmentos de los llamados Cuadernos negros, en especial los del tomo 94 de la Gesamtausgabe que recopila las notas elaboradas por el filósofo entre (...) 1932 y 1938, años en los que se gestaron y expusieron las diferentes versiones de “El origen de la obra de arte”. La hipótesis que defiendo en este trabajo es que leer el ensayo sobre el arte desde su compromiso político es una interpretación injustificada. Se demostrará que, en los años que se gestaba y exponía el ensayo, Heidegger era crítico de las políticas culturales y artísticas en tiempos nacionalsocialistas. Con esto no pretendo ni negar la dimensión política en sentido general que puede llegar a tener el escrito, ni mucho menos la comprobada e indiscutible adhesión de Heidegger al nazismo. Pero si nos preguntamos si esto último es relevante para su filosofía del arte, la respuesta, a mi modo de ver, es que no. (shrink)

En este artículo, se analiza la cuestión de si la existencia del derecho depende necesariamente de la moralidad. La cuestión que ha enfrentado a las doctrinas del derecho natural con el positivismo jurídico. Se trata de mostrar que dicho debate esconde, al menos tres cuestiones diferentes, que requieren respuestas diversas: 1) La cuestión semántica de si las normas positivas injustas son derecho, 2) la cuestión metafísica de si la existencia del contenido del derecho está fundada en hechos morales y 3) (...) la cuestión epistémica de si el contenido del derecho debe ser identificado sin recurrir a consideraciones morales. Se concluye que la primera cuestión es una mera disputa verbal. Se dan algunos argumentos para aceptar la tesis metafísica. Y una respuesta afirmativa a la tercera cuestión es puesta en duda analizando la doctrina de la autoridad de Joseph Raz y, también, tratando de mostrar que el hecho de que algo sea concebible no conlleva que sea metafísicamente posible. (shrink)